Category Archives: history

Mountain Fortress 금정산성 金井山城 Sajik to PNU | Yeonsan to Gwangan.

path-DSC_7294Hiked from Sajik to PNU. memi-DSC_7194Memi in hiding.
south-gate-DSC_7211 wall-DSC_7210Had lunch near the south gate of a mountain fortress 金井山城門.pajeon-DSC_7252 pajeon-DSC_7245 makgeolli-DSC_7227Ate the pajeon. Drank the makgeolli.geum-DSC_7256mushroom-DSC_7287DSC_7281Ruins.DSC_7280 DSC_7273 the-sea-DSC_7276Gwangan, Baesan mountain, and the Pacific Ocean in the distance.tree-rocks-DSC_7302nakdong-gimhe-DSC_7297The fork that divides the Nakdong and the West Nakdong 西.top-DSC_7304 roof-pattern-DSC_7314Roof geology. tiger-magpie-DSC_7317Saw an old friend. 호랑이 | 虎狼. yum-hummus-DSC_7331Had dinner at Yammy Green near Baesan mountain. yam-hummus-DSC_7332Delicious hummus sandwiches and vegan burgers.

Walked south, towards Gwangan. pattern-DSC_7336Patterns and light on Gobun road. firestation-DSC_7344Shadows at a fire station. kim-DSC_7350French fries, beer and indoctrination.  pup-DSC_7356 Sleepy doggers, pet shop.manikins-DSC_7365Manikins. Suyeong intersection.

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Tumbele

Heard Hugo Mendez Tumbele DJ Mix

Tumbélé! Biguine “Afro and Latin Sounds from the French Caribbean, 1963-74

Read Variety article Charlie Kaufman on Indie Filmmaking: ‘I Have to Have One Commercial Success’

Karlovy Vary International Film Festival largest film festival in the Czech Republic

Listened

To read Bobby Kennedy: The Making of a Liberal Icon by Larry Tye

A Moveable Feast

Hemingway, Ernest. A Moveable Feast. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1973.

“If the reader prefers, this book may be regarded as fiction. But there is always the chance that such a book of fiction may throw some light on what has been written as fact. ” p. 8

“I was writing about up in Michigan and since it was a wild, cold, blowing day it was that sort of day in the story. I had already seen the end of fall come through boyhood, youth and young manhood, and in one place you could write about it better than in another.” p. 11

“I’ve seen you, beauty, and you belong to me now, whoever you are waiting for and if I never see you again, I thought. You belong to me and all Paris belongs to me and I belong to this notebook and this pencil.
“Then I went back to writing and I entered far into the story and was lost in it. I was writing it now and it was not writing itself and I did not look up nor know anything about the time nor think where I was nor order any more rum St James.” p. 12

“After writing a story I was always empty and both sad and happy, as though I had made love, and I was sure this was a very good story although I would not know truly how good until I read it over the next day.” p. 12

“Maybe away from Paris I could write about Paris as in Paris I could write about Michigan.” p. 13

“It was wonderful to walk down the long flights of stairs knowing that I’d had good luck working. I always worked until I had something done and I always stopped when I knew what was going to happen next.” p. 15.

****”I would stand and look out over the roofs of Paris and think. ‘Do not worry. You have always written before and you will write now. All you have to do is to write one true sentence. Write the truest sentence you know.’So finally I would write one true sentence, and then go on from there. It was easy then because there was always one true sentence that I knew or had seen or had heard someone say. If I started to write elaborately, or like someone introducing or presenting something, I found that I could cut that scroll-work or ornament out and throw it away and start with the first true simple declarative sentence I had written. Up in that room I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about. I was trying to do this all the time I was writing, and it was good and severe discipline.
I was in that room too that I learned not to think about anything that I was writing from the time I stopped writing until I started the next day. That was my subconscious would be working on it and at the same time I would be listening to other people and noticing everything, I hope; learning, I hoped; and I would read so that I would not think about my work and make myself impotent to do it.” p. 15

Miss Stein “told me that I was not a good enough writer to be published there or in the Saturday Evening Pot but that I might be some new sort of writer in my own way, but the first thing to remember was not to write stories that were inaccrochable.” p. 18

“Work could cure almost anything, I believed then, and I believe now.” p. 23.

“When I was writing, it was necessary to get exercise, to be tired in the body, and it was very good to make love with whom you loved. That was better than anything. But afterwards, when you were empty, it was necessary to read in order not to think or worry about your work until you could do it again. I had learned already never to empty the well of my writing, but always to stop when there was still something there in the deep part of the well, and let it refill at night from the springs that fed it.” p. 24-25.

D.H. Lawrence The Prussian Officer

Marie Belloc Lownder The Lodger

“If you brought up Joyce twice, you would not be invited back. It was like mentioning one general favourably to another general.” p. 26.

“‘The boy’s patron was probably drunk by eleven o’clock in the morning,’ I said. ‘That’s why he makes such lovely phrases.'” p. 28

“Then I was getting up to the Closerie de Lilas with the light on my old friend, the statue of Marshal Ney with his sword out and shadows of the trees on the bronze, and he alone there and behind what a fiasco he’d made of Waterloo, I thought that all generations were lost by something and always had been and always would be, and I stopped at the Lilas to keep the statue company and drank a cold beer before going home to the flat over the sawmill.” p. 29

“But the hell with her lost-generation talk and all the dirty, easy labels.” p. 29.

F. Puss

“Constance Garnett edition of War and Peace, and The Gambler and Other Stories by Dostoyevsky.” p. 31.

“‘How do you tell a valuable French book?’
“First there are the pictures. Then it is a question of the quality of the pictures. Then it is the binding. If a book is good, the owner will have it bound properly. All books in English are bound, but bound badly. There is no way of judging them.” p. 35.

“there was very good fishing in Paris itself. I did not fish because I did not have the tackle and I preferred to save my money to fish in Spain.” p. 37.

With the fishermen and the life on the river, the beautiful barges with their own life on board, the tugs with their smoke-stacks that folded back to pass under the bridges, pulling a tow of barges, the great elms on the stone banks of the river, the plane trees and in some places the poplars, I could never be lonely along the river.” p. 37.

“When spring came, even the false spring, there were no problems except where to be happiest. The only thing that could spoil the day was people and if you could keep from making engagements, each day had no limits. People were always the limiters of happiness except for the very few that were as good as spring itself.” p. 39.

“The one who is doing his work and getting satisfaction from it is not the one the poverty bothers.” p. 40.

“We ate well and cheaply and drank well and cheaply and slept well and warm together and loved each other.” p. 41

“‘Yes, Tatie, and you and Chink always talking about how to make things true, writing them, and put them rightly and not describe. I remember everything. Sometimes he was right and sometimes you were right. I remember the lights and textures and the shapes you argued about.'” p. 44.

“But Paris was a very old city and we were young and nothing was simple there, not even poverty, nor sudden money, nor the moonlight, nor right and wrong, nor the breathing of someone who lay beside you in the moonlight.” p. 47.

“When I stopped working on the races I was glad, but it left an emptiness. By then I knew that everything good and bad left an emptiness when it stopped. But if it was bad, the emptiness filled up by itself. If it was good you could only fill it by finding something better.” p. 49.

“There you could always go into the Luxenbourg Museum and all the paintings were sharpened and clearer and more beautiful if you were belly-empty, hollow-hungry. I learned to understand Cézanne much better and to see truly how he made landscapes when I was hungry. I used to wonder if he were hungry too when he painted; but I thought possibly it was only tat he had forgotten to eat.” p. 53.

“You God-damn complainer. You dirty phony saint and martyr, I said to myself. You quit journalism of your own accord. You have credit and Sylvia would have loaned you money. She has, plenty of times. Sure. And then the next thing you would be compromising on something else. Hunger is healthy and the pictures do look better when you are hungry. Eating is wonderful too and did you know where you are going to eat night now?” p. 56.

“It was one of two stories I had left when everything I had written was stolen in Hadley’s suitcase that time at the Gare de Lyon when she was bringing the manuscripts down to me to Lausanne as a surprise, so I could work on them on our holidays in the mountains. She had put in the originals, the typescripts and the carbons, all in manila folders.” p. 57.

“It was probably good for me to lose early work and I told him all that stuff you feed the troops. I was going to start writing stories again I said and, as I said it, only trying to lie so that he would not feel so bad, I knew that it was true.” p. 58.

“It was a very simple story called Out of Season and I had omitted the real end of it which was that the old man hanged himself. This was omitted on my new theory that you could omit anything if you knew that you omitted, and the omitted part would strengthen thte story and make people feel something more than they understood.” p. 58

“I knew I must write a novel. But it seemed an impossible thing to do when I had been trying with great difficulty to write paragraphs that would be the distillation of what made a novel. It was necessary to write longer stories now as you would train for a longer race.” p. 59

“I knew it was probably a good thing that it was lost, but I knew too that I must write a novel. I would put it off, though, until I could not help doing it. I was damned if I would write on because it was what I should do if we were to eat regularly. When I had to write it, then it would be the only thing to do and there would be no choice. Let the pressure build. In the meantime I would write a long story about whatever I knew best.” p. 59

“He was a good companion until he drank too much and, at that time, when he was lying, he was more interesting than many men telling a story truly.” p. 61

“The blue-backed notebooks, the two pencils and the pencil-sharpener (a pocket-knife was too wasteful), the marble-topped tables, the smell of early morning, sweeping out and mopping and luck were all you needed.” p. 69.

“‘I thought you could help me, Hem.’
‘I’d be glad to shoot you.’
‘Would you?’
‘No. There’s a law against it.'” p. 71

“So the next morning I woke early, boiled the rubber nipples and the bottles, made the formula, finished the bottling, gave Mr Bumby a bottle and worked on the dining-room table before anyone but he, F. Puss the cat, and I were awake.” p. 74

“He said he had seen me working on the terrace of the Closerie des Lilas early in the morning but he had not spoken to me because I was so occupied.
‘You had the air of a man alone in the jungle,’ he said.
‘I am like a blind pig when I work.’
‘But were you not in the jungle, Monsieur?’
‘In the bush,’ I said.” p. 75

On horse racing
“But handicapping beasts that are receiving stimulants, and detecting the symptoms in the paddock and acting on your perceptions, which sometimes bordered on the extra-sensory, then backing them with money you cannot afford to lose, is not the way for a young man supporting a wife and child to get ahead in the full-time job of learning to write prose.” p. 76

“We sat there and the girls sipped at their drinks and Pascin drank another fin a l’eau and I drank the beer; but no one was comfortable except Pascin.” p. 78

“They say the seeds of what we will do are in all of us, but it always seemed to me that in those who make jokes in life the seeds are covered with better soil and with a higher grade of manure.” p. 80

“Ezra… liked the works of his friends, which is beautiful as loyalty but can disastrous as judgement. We never argued about these things because I kept my mouth shut about things I did not like.” p. 81

“At that time we believed that any writer or painter could wear any clothes he owned and there was no official uniform for the artist; but Lewis wore the uniform of a pre-war artist. It was embarrassing to see him and he watched superciliously while I slipped Ezra’s left leads or blocked them with an open right glove.” p. 82

Wyndham Lewis “I tried to break his face down and describe it but I could only get the eyes. Under the black hat, when I had first seen them, the eyes had been those of an unsuccessful rapist.
I met the nastiest man I’ve ever seen today,’ I told my wife
‘Tatie, don’t tell me about him,’ she said. ‘Please don’t tell me about him. We’re just going to have dinner.” p. 83

“I first knew him he was most worried about T.S. Eliot who, Ezra told me, had to work in a bank in Longon and so had insufficient time and bad hours to function as a poet.” p. 84

See page 85 Hemingway on T.S. Eliot and Bel Esprit

While waiting for Miss Stein.
“Then Miss Stein’s voice came pleading and begging, saying, ‘Don’t, pussy. Don’t. Don’t, please don’t. I’ll do anything, pussy, but please don’t do it. Please don’t. Please don’t pussy.’ … ‘I have to go’ I said, and tried not to hear any more as I left… ‘C’est entendu, Monsieur. What a shame you cannot wait.’ ‘Yes,’ I said. ‘What a shame.'” p. 88-89

“Ernest Walsh was dark, intense, faultlessly Irish, poetic and clearly marked for death as a character is marked for death in a motion picture.” p. 90

“‘Noble,’ Walsh said. ‘Truly noble.’ We ate and drank in silence as tribute to Ezra’s nobility.” p. 93

“It made me sick for people to talk about my writing to my face, and I looked at him and his marked-for-death look and I thought, you con man conning me with your con.” p. 94

“‘I don’t think I deserve it, Ernest,’ I said, enjoying using my own name, that I hated, to him. ‘Besides, Ernest, it would not be ethical, Ernest.'” p. 94

“From the day I had found Sylvia Beach’s library I had read all of Turgenev, what had been published in English of Gogol, the Constance Garnett translations of Tolstoy and the English translations of Chekhov.” p. 96

***”Tolstoy made the writing of Stephen Cran on the Civil War seem like the brilliant imagining of a sick boy who had never seen war but had only read the battles and chronicles and seen the Brady photographs that I had read and seen at my grandparents’ house. Until I had read Chartreuse de Parme by Stendhal I  had never read of war as it was except in Tolstoy, and the wonderful Waterloo account by Stendhal was an accidental piece in a book that had much dullness. To have come on all this new world of writing, with time to read in a city like Paris where there was a way of living well and working, no matter how poor you were, was like having a great treasure given to you. You could take your treasure with you when you travelled too and in the mountains where we lived in Switzerland and Italy, until we found Schruns in the high valley in the Vorarlberg in Austria, there were always the books, so that you lived in the new world you had found, the snow and the forest and the glaciers and their winter problems and your high shelter in the Hotel Taube in the village in the day-time, and at night you could live in the other wonderful world the Russian writers were giving you. At first there were the Russians; then there were all the other. But for a long time there were the Russians.” p. 96-97.

Ezra “the man who had taught me to distrust adjectives as I would later learn to distrust certain people in certain situations;” p. 97

“‘I’ve been wondering about Dostoyevsky,’ I said. ‘How can a man write so badly, so unbelievably badly, and make you feel so deeply?'” p. 100

“The Hole in the Wall was a very narrow bar with a red-painted facade, little more than a passage-way, on the rue des Italiens. At one time it had a rear exit into the sewers of Paris from which you were supposed to be able to reach the catacombs.” p. 103

“but I finally convinced Ezra that few people ever died while speaking in well-rounded phrases and that I had never known any man to die while speaking in terza rima and that I doubted even if Dante could do it.” p. 104

On Fitzgerald “Later he became conscious of his damaged wings and of their construction and he learned to think and could not fly any more because the love of flight was gone and he could only remember when it had been effortless.” p. 107

“Scott, I was to find, believed that the novelist could find out what he needed to know by direct questioning of his friends and acquaintances. The interrogation was direct.” p. 109

Fitzgerald “I never thought of him as a serious writer. He had told me at the Closerie des Lilas how he wrote what he thought were good stories, and which really were good stories for the Post, and then changed them for submission, knowing exactly how he must make the twists that made them into saleable magazine stories. I had been shocked at this and I said I thought it was whoring. He said it was whoring but that he had to do it as he made his money from the magazines to have money ahead to write decent books. I said that I did not believe anyone could write any way except the very best he could write without destroying his talent.” p. 113.

“Since I had started to break down all my writing and get rid of all facility and try to make instead of describe, writing had been wonderful to do. But it was very difficult, and I did not know how I would ever write anything as long as a novel. It often took me a full morning of work to write a paragraph.” p. 113-114.

Talking to a man who ate fire for a living in Lyon
“He said there was no money in eating fire nor in feats of strength with fingers and jaws in Lyon. False fire-eaters had ruined the metier and would continue to ruin it wherever they were allowed to practise. He had been eating fire all evening, he said, and did not have enough money on him to eat anything else that night.” p. 115.

“He said he knew many stories, some of them more horrible and incredible than anything that had ever been written… I asked him what sort of stories and he said battles, executions, tortures, violations, fearful customs, unbelievable practices, debaucheries; anything I needed.” p. 116.

“I am not sure Scott had ever drunk wine from a bottle before and it was exciting to him as though he were slumming or as a girl might be excited by going swimming for the first time without a bathing suit.” p. 120

Fitzgerald “He also explained that diseases were different in different parts of America, and if my father had practised medicine in New York instead of in the Middle West, he would have known an entirely different gamut of diseases. He used the word gamut.” p. 120.

“Scott then asked me if I were afraid to die and I said more at some times than at others.” p. 121.

“Scott was lying in bed to conserve his strength for his battle against the disease.” p. 122

“I was geting tired of the literary life, if this was the literary life that I was leading, and already I missed not working and I felt the death loneliness that comes at the end of every day that is wasted in your life. I was very tired of Scott and of his silly comedy,” p. 122.

“Back in the room Scott was still lying as though on his tomb, sculpted as a monument to himself, his eyes closed and breathing with exemplary dignity.” p. 123.

“In Europe then we thought of wine as something as healthy and normal as food and also as a great giver of happiness and well-being and delight.” p. 123

Tonight I would have much preferred to be in a cafe where I might read the morning editions of the Paris papers and watch the people and drink something a little more authoritative than the Macon in preparation for dinner. But I was riding herd on Scott so I enjoyed myself where I was.” p. 124.

“‘You’re a cold one, aren’t you?’ Scott asked and looking at him I saw that I had been wrong in my prescription, if not in my diagnosis, and that the whisky was working against us. ‘How do you mean. Scott?'” p. 125-126

“Zelda had hawk’s eyes and a thin mouth and deep-south manners and accent. Watching her face you could see her mind leave the table and go to the night’s party and return with her eyes blank as a cat’s and then pleased, and the pleasure would show along the thin line of her lips and then be gone.” p. 135.

“No one drank anything stronger than champagne and it was very gay and obviously a splendid place to write. There was going to be everything that a man needed to write except to be alone.” p. 140.

“There was no need for baby-sitters. F. Puss was the baby-sitter.” p. 147.

Schruns was a good place to work. I know because I did the most difficult job of rewriting I have ever done there in the winter of 1925 and 1926, when I had to take the first draft of The Sun Also Rises which I had written in one sprint of six weeks, and make it into a novel.” p. 151-152.

“Another year a former German naval office with a shaven head and scars came to give a lecture on the Battle of Jutland. The lantern slides showed the movement of the two battle-fleets and the naval officer used a billiard cue for a pointer when he pointed out the cowardice of Jellicoe, and sometimes he became so angry that his voice broke. The schoolmaster was afraid that he would stab the billiard cue through the screen. Afterwards the former naval officer could not quiet himself down and everyone was ill at ease in the Weinstube.” p. 153.

“When you have two people who love each other, are happy and gay and really good work is being done by one or both of them, people are drawn to them as surely as migrating birds are drawn at night to a powerful beacon.” p. 157.

“I even read aloud the part of the novel that I had written, which is about as low as a writer can get and much more dangerous for him as a writer than glacier skiing unroped before the full winter snowfall has set over the crevices.” p. 158.

“I did my business in New York and when I got back to Paris I should have caught the first train from the Gare de l’Est that would take me down to Austria. But the girl I was in love with was in Paris then, and I did not take the first train, or the second or the third.
When I saw my wife again standing by the tracks as the train came in by the piled logs at the station, I wished I had died before I ever loved anyone but her. She was smiling, the sun on her lovely face tanned by the snow and sun” p. 159.

“Paris was always worth it and you received return for whatever you brought to it. But this is how Paris was in the early days when we were very poor and very happy.” p. 160.

 

Zodiac

Graysmith, Robert. Zodiac: The Shocking True Story of The Nation’s Most Bizarre Mass Murderer. New York, NY: Berkley, 2007.

“The right front door of the Rumbler was still open; the hum of its heater was audible in the stillness.” p. 7

“The couple [Jim and Darlene] had hitched to St. Thomas and the Virgin Islands, panhandling, diving for shells, sleeping on the beach.” p. 22

“The words “hacked,” “stuck,” “testified,” and “seen” were on the edge of the envelope in Darlene’s handwriting. Lynch could make out a series of partial words as well. They made no sense to him. They were “acqu,” “acci,” “calc,” and “icio.” p. 42.

“none of it came from Dean. It came from whatever she was doing with this man in the white car.” p. 43

“Oscar Wilde and the nineteenth-century British painter Walter Sickert both claimed to know who jack the Ripper really was. Wilde planted clues in his Picture of Dorian Gray and Sickert hid references to the killer in his portraits of knife murders.” p. 47-48

“Greek symbols, Morse code, weather symbols, alphabet characters, navy semaphore, and astrological symbols.” p. 49.

Secret and Urgent by Fetcher Pratt

“The most common double letters in English are L, E, and S. The letters most frequently occurring together are TH, HE, and AN… the most common three-letter combination (trigrams) were THE, ING, CON, and ENT.” p. 52

“Bettye was of the opinion that the killer was such an egomaniac that he would start out with “I.” p. 53

It’s virtually impossible to write a message without repeating words, so the pair looked for four-letter patterns that would fit in with the word “kill”… (Battlefield cryptoanalysts, for example, scan any captured ciphers for patterns of symbols that might stand for “attack.”) p. 54

“First he had used the symbol of a backwards Q fifteen times to lure the codebreakers into thinking it was the letter E, the most commonly used letter. For the true letter E, he had used seven different symbols.” p. 54.

Codes and Ciphers by John Laffin

The Zodiac Alphabet

Anton LeVey p. 60

The Most Dangerous Game, 1932. (based on the story by Richard Connell) p. 60

After the movie, I stopped in the soft night air outside the theater, looked down the black streets wet with fog, and wondered if the inspiration for the Vallejo murders had been a children’s code book and a movie.” p. 61

Steve McQueen and Dave Toschi p. 96.

“Fingerprints are divided into general types: plain arches, tented arches, plain looks, plain whorls, central pocket loop whorls, radical whorls, double loop whorls, accidental whorls.” p. 99

Line-cut illustration of Zodiac in Costume by Robert Graysmith.

“Psychosis is the gradual blotting out of the ego, a terrifying loss of one’s own image of oneself.” p. 110.

Seer ‘DeLouise, known as the “prophet of specifics,”‘ and the Zodiac case. p. 131.

Katherine Johns
“She was the one to break the silence. “Do you always go around helping people on the road like this?” she said sarcastically. “When I get through with them they don’t need any help.,” said the man, his tone changing as he looked off at the dark woods in the distance.” p. 137.

“the string of thirteen characters that Zodiac claimed made up his name.” p. 144.

“the dynamite bombing of the Golden Gate Park police station on February 16,” p. 145.

Zodiac letter: “Well it would cheer me up considerbly if I saw a lot of people wearing my buton. Please no nasty ones like melvin’s” p. 148

“He concluded the Lord High Executioner‘s aria with another Zodiac symbol, which took up three-quaters of the last page. Below this he wrote a hint about the Mt. Diablo map and cipher of exactly on month earlier” p. 155.

“‘Thinking the real Zodiac might be curious and vain enough to see the film, a huge carton was set up in the lobby for deposit of entries,” write Jennings, “and inside it crouched a man who read each card as it slipped through the slot at the top. Ostensibly, he was to alert theater management via intercom when he spotted a suspicious entry from someone claiming to be the actual killer.” p. 179.

“The best Zodiac movie was made by Warners in 1971. Called Dirty Harry, it starred Clint Eastwood as an Inspector Toschi-type” p. 179-180.

Zodiac quoting the Mikado in his letters:

“He plunged himself into
the billowy wave
and an echo arose from
the suicides grave
titwillo titwillo
titwillo” p. 183

Zebra killings p. 184.

“Author producer William Peter Blatty based his 1983 Exorcist sequel, Legion, on the Zodiac Killer, calling him the Gemini killer.” p. 184.

Andy Walker and the highway patrolman “cat-and-mouse game” p. 185.

Syracuse Research Institute report on Zodiac p. 198.

“Comparison between horoscope book and Zodiac’s cipher symbols.” (Oken) next to page p. 207.

“The Killer would have had access to a private photo darkroom for the considerable periods of time it would take to draft one letter.” p. 219.

“Zodiac had started by creating a substitution cipher, symbols substituted for alphabet characters, and then transposed these symbols, creating a substitution-transposition cipher.” p. 240.

“Zodiac messages are homophonic ciphers… using multiple substitutes for a single letter” p. 242

Book As Above, So Below by Alan Oken

“Zodiac had  used two of the five major symbols of astrology, the Circle (spirit) overlapped by the Cross (matter), to signify not only himself but the days on which he was to kill.” p. 248.

Richard Trenton Chase, the Sacramento Vampire Killer p. 258

“Starr… still lives in the basement… And he stills has live chipmunks running around the house.” p. 271.

‘They found him in the center of his basement room howling and shrieking, live chipmunks crawling all over him and “squirrel shit dripping from his shoulders.”‘ p. 275.

The Phantom of Cordelia p. 304.

selected references p. 326.

On David Fincher’s Zodiac

“We need to construct Zodiac from its emotional truth as opposed to its factual truth.” p. 338.

Paul Schrader’s Auto-Focus (Graysmith’s book on “Hogan’s Heroes’ star Bob Crane”) p. 339.

19th Century dip pens and Radiograph #2 p. 341

Zodiac Art Director Keith Cunningham

“I have the therapist who says, “‘The trick is to learn you can’t corral all the rattlesnakes,’ says Fincher. “‘You just got to know where they are.'”” p. 347.

DP Harris Savides

Shooting the squirrel scene p. 350-351

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Dalma

Dharma

Daruma, Da Mo/Ta Mo (達磨), 달마.

Bodhidharma, by Yoshitoshi, 1887. Via Wikimedia.

Drum Mountain and the phases of life:

Da Mo took a monk’s spade and went with Shen Guang to the Drum Mountain in front of Shaolin Temple. The Drum Mountain is so called because it is very flat on top. Da Mo’s unspoken message to Shen Guang was that Shen Guang should flatten his heart, just like the surface of the Drum Mountain. On this Drum Mountain Da Mo dug a well. The water of this well was bitter. Da Mo then left Shen Guang on the Drum Mountain. For an entire year, Shen Guang used the bitter water of the well to take care of all of his needs. He used it to cook, to clean, to bathe, to do everything. At the end of the first year, Shen Guang went down to Da Mo and again asked Da Mo to teach him. Da Mo returned with Shen Guang to the Drum Mountain and dug a second well. The water of this well was spicy. For an entire year, Shen Guang used the spicy water for all of his needs. At the end of the second year, Shen Guang went back down to Da Mo and asked again to be taught. Da Mo dug a third well on the Drum Mountain. The water of this third well was sour. For the third year, Shen Guang used the sour water for all of his needs. At the end of the third year, Shen Guang returned to Da Mo and agains asked to be taught. Da Mo returned to the Drum Mountain and dug a fourth and final well. The water of this well was sweet. At this point, Shen Guang realized that the four wells represented his life. Like the wells, his life would sometimes be bitter, sometimes sour, sometimes spicy and sometimes sweet. Each of these phases in his life was equally beautiful and necessary, just as each of the four seasons of the year is beautiful and necessary in its own way.

From www.usashaolintemple.org

On the discovery of green tea while wall-staring

As he sat in deep concentration, Bodhidharma abruptly realized that in an agonizing instant of fatigue, he had closed his eyes and dozed off to sleep. In anger at his weakness, he savagely tore at his eyes in self disgust, ripping out his eyelids and flinging them to the ground. As the leaf like lids of flesh lay bloody in the dirt, they sprouted miraculously into tea plants. Instinctively, Bodhidharma reached over and plucked a few leaves from the bushes to chew and suddenly felt as “one who awakens.” His mind clear and focused, he resumed his meditation.

From tsiosophy.com

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Chan / 선 禪 / Zen Buddhism

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The Analects (III)

Confucius, and D. C. Lau. The Analects (Lun Yü). Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979. Print.

論語 巻二 八佾。The Analects vol.2 Hachi-itsu. via wikimedia.

(Book XI – appendix)

Book XI

10. When Yen Yuan died, in weeping for him the Master showed undue sorrow. His followers said, ‘You are showing undue sorrow.’ ‘Am I? Yet if not for him, for whom should I show undue sorrow?’

12. Chi-lu asked how the spirits of the dead and the gods should be served. The Master said, ‘You are not able even to serve man. How can you serve the spirits?’
‘May I ask about death?’
‘You do not understand even life. How can you understand death?’

16. Tzu-kung asked, ‘Who is superior, Shi or Shang?’ The Master said, ‘There is little to choose between overshooting the mark and falling short.’

Book XII

1… the practice of benevolence depends on oneself alone, and not on others.’

2… The Master said… ‘Do not impose on others what you yourself do not desire.’

4. Ssu-ma Niu asked about the gentleman. The Master said, ‘The gentleman is free from worries and fears.’

5… Tzu-hsia said, ‘I have heard it said: life and death are a matter of Destiny; wealth and honour depend on Heaven.’

7. Tzu-kung asked about government. The Master said, ‘Give them enough food, give them enough arms, and the common people will have trust in you.’ give up arms first and food second ‘Death has always been with us since the beginning of time, but when there is no trust, the common people will have nothing to stand on.’

14. Tzu-chang asked about government. The Master said, ‘Over daily routine do not show weariness, and when there is action to be taken, give your best.’

16. The Master said, ‘The gentleman helps others to realize what is good in them; he does not help them to realize what is bad in them. The small man does the opposite.’

22… The Master said, ‘Raise the straight and set them over the crooked. This can make the crooked straight.’

Book XIII

2… ‘How does one recognize men of talent to promote?’
The Master said, ‘Promote those you do recognize. Do you suppose others will allow those you fail to recognize to be passed over?’

6. The Master said, ‘If a man is correct in his own person, then there will be obedience without orders being given; but if he is not correct in his own person, there will not be obedience even though orders are given.’

13. The Master said, ‘If a man manages to make himself correct, what difficulty will there be for him to take part in government? If he cannot make himself correct, what business has he with making others correct?’

17. On becoming prefect of Chu Fu, Tzu-hsia asked about government. The Master said, ‘Do not be impatient. Do not see only petty gains. If you are impatient, you will not reach your goal. If you see only petty gains, the great tasks will not be accomplished.’

18. The Governor of She said to Confucius, ‘In our village there is a man nicknamed “Straight Body”. When his father stole a sheep, he gave evidence against him.’ Confucius answered, ‘In our village those who are straight are quite different. Fathers cover up for their sons, and sons cover up for their fathers. Straightness is to be found in such behaviour.’

19. Fan Ch’ih asked about benevolence. The Master said, ‘While at home hold yourself in a respectful attitude; when serving in an official capacity be reverent; when dealing with others do your best. These are qualities that cannot be put aside, even if you go and live among the barbarians.’

24. Tzu-kung asked, ‘”All in the village like him.” What do you think of that?’
The Master said, ‘That is not enough.’
‘”All in the village dislike him.” What do you think of that?’
The Master said, ‘That is not enough either. “Those in his village who are good like him and those who are bad dislike him.” That would be better.’

27. The Master said, ‘Unbending strength, resoluteness, simplicty and reticence are close to benevolence.’

Book XIV

1… The Master said, ‘It is shameful to make salary your sole object, irrespective of whether the Way prevails in the state or not.’

10. The Master said, ‘It is more difficult not to complain of injustice when poor than not to behave with arrogance when rich.’

12. Tzu-lu asked about the complete man.
The Master said… If a man remembers what is right at the sight of profit, is ready to lay down his life in the face of danger, and does not forget sentiments he has repeated all his life even when he has been in straitened circumstances for a long time, he may be said to be a complete man.’

20. The Master said, ‘Claims made immodestly are difficulty to live up to.’

24. The Master said, ‘Men of antiquity studied to improve themselves; men today study to impress others.’

28. The Master said, ‘There are three things constantly on the lips of the gentleman none of which I have succeeded in following: “A man of benevolence never worries; a man of wisdom is never in two minds; a man of courage is never afraid.”

30. The Master said, ‘It is not the failure of others to appreciate your abilities that should trouble you, but rather your own lack of them.’

34. Someone said,
‘Repay an injury with a good turn.
What do you think of this saying?’
The Master said, ‘What, then, do you repay a good turn with?
You repay an injury with straightness, but you repay a good turn with a good turn.’

43. Yuan Jang sat waiting with his legs spread wide. The Master said, ‘To be neither modest nor deferential when young, to have passed on nothing worthwhile when grown up, and to refuse to die when old, that is what I call a pest.’ So saying, the Master tapped him on the shin with his stick.

Book XV

1. Duke Ling of Wei asked Confucius about military formations. Confucius answered, ‘I have, indeed, heard something about the use of sacrificial vessels, but I have never studied the matter of commanding troops.’ The next day he departed.

2… The Master said, ‘It comes as no surprise to the gentleman to find himself in extreme straits. The small man finding himself in extreme straits would throw over all restraint.’

8. The Master said, ‘To fail to speak to a man who is capable of benefiting is to let a man go to waste. To speak to a man who is incapable of benefiting is to let one’s words go to waste. A wise man lets neither men nor words go to waste.’

18. The Master said, ‘The gentleman has morality as his basic stuff and by observing the rites puts it into practice, by being modest gives it expression, and by being trustworthy in word brings it to completion. Such is a gentleman indeed!’

21. The Master said, ‘What the gentleman seeks, he seeks within himself; what the small man seeks, he seeks in others.’

22. The Master said, ‘The gentleman is conscious of his own superiority without being contentious, and comes together with other gentlemen without forming cliques.’

24. Tzu-kung asked, ‘Is there a single word which can be guided to conduct throughout one’s life?’ The Master said, ‘It is perhaps the word “shu”. Do not impose on others what you yourself do not desire.’

28. The Master said, ‘Be sure to go carefully into the case of the man who is disliked by the multitude. Be sure to go carefully into the case of the man who is liked by the multitude.’

31. The Master said, ‘I once spent all day thinking without taking food and all night thinking without going to bed, but found that I gained nothing from it. It would have been better for me to have spent the time in learning.’

32. The Master said, ‘The gentleman devotes his mind to attaining the Way and not to securing food. Go and till the land and you will end up by being hungry, as a matter of course; study, and you will end up with the salary of an official, as a matter of course. The gentleman worries about the Way, not about poverty.’

34. The Master said, ‘The gentleman cannot be appreciated in small things but is acceptable in great matters. A small man is not acceptable in great matters but can be appreciated in small things.’

35. The Master said, ‘Benevolence is more vital to the common people than even fire and water. In the case of fire and water, I have seen men die by stepping on them, but I have never seen any man die by stepping on benevolence.’

37. The Master said, ‘The gentleman is devoted to principle but not inflexible in small matters.’

38. The Master said, ‘In serving one’s lord, one should approach one’s duties with reverence and consider one’s pay as of secondary importance.’

Book XVI

5. Confucius said, ‘He stands to benefit who takes pleasure in three kinds of things. Equally, he stands to lose who takes pleasure in three other kinds of things. To take pleasure in the correct regulation of the rites and music, in singing the praises of other men’s goodness and in having a large number of excellent men as friends is to benefit. To take pleasure in showing off, in a dissolute life and in food and drink is to lose.’

7. Confucius said, ‘There are three things the gentleman should guard against. In youth when the blood and ch’i are still unsettled he should guard against the attraction of feminine beauty. In the prime of life when the blood and ch’i have become unyielding, he should guard against bellicosity. In old age when the blood and ch’i have declined, he should guard against acquisitiveness.’

9. Confucius said, ‘Those who are born with knowledge are the highest. Next come those who attain knowledge through study. Next again come those who turn to study after having been vexed by difficulty. The common people, in so far as they make no effort to study even after having been vexed by difficulties, are the lowest.’

Book XVII

3. The Master said, ‘It is only the most intelligent and the most stupid who are not susceptible to change.’

8. The Master said, ‘Yu, have you heard about the six qualities and the six attendant faults?’
‘No.’
‘Be seated and I shall tell you. To love benevolence without loving learning is liable to lead to foolishness. To love cleverness without loving learning is liable to lead to deviation from the right path. To love trustworthiness in word without loving learning is liable to lead to harmful behaviour. To love forthrightness without loving learning is liable to lead to intolerance. To love courage without loving learning is liable to lead to insubordination. To love unbending strength without loving learning is liable to lead to indiscipline.’

20. Ju Pei wanted to see Confucius. Confucius declined to see him on the grounds of illness. As soon as the man conveying the message had stepped out of the door, Confucius took his lute and sang, making sure that he heard it.

21. Tsai Wo asked about the three-year mourning period, saying ‘Even a full year is too long. If the gentleman gives up the practice of the rites for three years, the rites are sure to be in ruins; if he gives up the practice of music for three years, music is sure to collapse. A full year’s mourning is quite enough. After all, in the course of a year, the old grain having been used up, the new grain ripens, and fire is renewed by fresh drilling.’
The Master said, ‘Would you, then, be able to enjoy eating your rice and wearing your finery?’
‘yes, I would.’
‘If you are able to enjoy them, do so by all means. The gentleman in mourning finds no relish in good food, no pleasure in music, and no comforts in his own home. That is why he does not eat his rice and wear his finery. Since it appears that you enjoy them, then do so by all means.’
After Tsai Wo had left, the Master said, ‘How unfeeling Yu is. A child ceases to be nursed by his parents only when he is three years old. Three years’ mourning is observed throughout the Empire. Was Yu not given three years’ love by his parents?’

22. The Master said, ‘It is not easy matter for a man who always has a full stomach to put his mind to some use. Are there not such things as po and yi? Even playing these games is better than being idle.’

24… The Master said…’The gentleman has his dislikes. He dislikes those who proclaim the evil in others. He dislikes those who, being in inferior positions, slander their superiors. He dislikes those who, while possessing courage, lack the spirit of the rites. He dislikes those whose resoluteness is not tempered by understanding.’
The Master added, ‘Do you, Ssu, have your dislikes as well?’
‘I dislike those in whom plagiarizing passes for wisdom. I dislike those in whom insolence passes for courage. I dislike those in whom exposure of others passes for forthrightness.’

26. The Master said, ‘If by the age of forty a man is still disliked there is no hope for him.’

Book XVIII

Book XIX

6. Tzu-hsia said, ‘Learn widely and be steadfast in your purpose, inquire earnestly and reflect on what is at hand, and there is no need for you to look for benevolence elsewhere.’

7. Tzu-hsia said, ‘The artisan, in any of the hundred crafts, masters his trade by staying in his workshop; the gentleman perfects his way through learning.’

9. Tzu-hsia said, ‘In the three following situations the gentleman gives a different impression. From a distance he appears formal; when approached, he appears cordial; in speech he appears stern.’

Book XX

2… The Master said, ‘The gentleman is generous without its costing him anything, works others hard without their complaining, has desires without being greedy, is casual without being arrogant, and is awe-inspiring without appearing fierce.’
Tzu-chang said, ‘What is meant by “being generous without its costing him anything”?’
The Master said, ‘If a man benefits the common people by taking advantage of the things around them that they find beneficial, is this not being generous without its costing him anything? If a man, in working others hard, chooses burdens they can support, who will complain? If, desiring benevolence, a man obtains it, where is the greed? The gentleman never dare neglect his manners whether he be dealing with the many or the few, the young or the old. Is this not being casual without being arrogant? The gentleman, with his robe and cap adjusted properly and dignified in his gaze, has a presence which inspires people who see him with awe. Is this not being awe-inspiring without appearing fierce?’
Tzu-chang said, ‘What is meant by the four wicked practices?’
The Master said, ‘To impose the death penalty without first attempting to reform is to be cruel; to expect results without first giving warning is to be tyrannical; to insist on a time limit when tardy in issuing orders is to cause injury. When something has to be given to others anyway, to be miserly in the actual giving is to be officious.’

Appendix 1

“According to the Tso chuan, Confucius died in the fourth month of the sixteenth year of Dike Ai (479 B.C.) p. 181.

“… Confucius’ rapid rise as an official is more likely to be the doing of his later admirers than of Duke Ting.” p. 185.

“As the Lu shih ch’un ch’iu was finished in 240 B.C., it shows that even at that date there was no generally accepted tradition that Confucius was ever prime minister or even ssu k’ung, and we should be sceptical about such traditions.” p. 187.

see p. 190. illustrative story and charismatic figures.

This story is used by Han Fei Tzu to illustrate the point that the ruler should get rid of anyone beyond his power to control. According to Legalist (法家) theory, reward and punishment are ‘the two handles’ by which a ruler can control his subjects. If a man does not respond to either, there is nothing the ruler can do either to encourage or to deter him. Such a person is what the world admires, but in the eyes of the Legalist ruler, he only resembles an excellent man but is not the genuine thing.” p. 192

Figure of Confucius being used to further Legalist ideas “advocating the suppression of and execution of a potential trouble maker, and act which contradicts everything he stood for.” p. 193.

Appendix 2

“the kind of ability to think for oneself that Confucius valued.” p. 200.

“ability to think and eagerness to learn are two sides to the same activity,” p. 201.

Confucius and the funeral of Yen Yuan. p. 202.

Followers of the Confucian tradition in subsequent ages placed excessive emphasis on outward conformity to the rites.” p. 213.

“Though Tzu-hsia was given to book learning, he did not place it above virtuous conduct.” p. 214

Tseng Tzu: “A Gentleman must be strong and resolute, for his burden is heavy and the road is long. He takes benevolence as his burden. Is that not heavy? Only with death does the road come to an end. Is that not long? (VIII.7).” p. 215.

“As we have seen, Tseng Tzu showed greater moral earnestness than intellectual ability while Tzu-hsia showed greater concern for minutiae in the rites than broad moral principle. Is is, perhaps, because of the character of these two disciples that later Confucianism was coloured by a certain staidness and pedantry.” p. 219.

To read:

Mencius ()

Laozi (老子) via wikimedia,

Tao te ching ()

Confucius (K’ung Tzu) (孔子)

Spring and Autumn period

Mount T’ai (泰山)… In the central part of modern Shantung and one of the most revered mountains in China.” p. 243.

“Pi Kan, XVIII.1, i.e.. Prince Pi Kan, the uncle of the tyrant Chou (q.v.), who is said to have had him killed and his heart taken out to see if the popular belief that the heart of the sage had seven apertures was true.” p. 243.

“Po Yi and Shu Chi’i were the sons of the Lord of Ju Chi. The father intended Shu Ch’i, the younger son, to succeed him, but when he died neither of his sons was willing to deprive the other of the succession and they both fled to the mountains and when King Wu overthrew the Yin they starved themselves to death on Mount Shou Yang, being ashamed to eat grain of a dynasty that came to power through the use of force.” p. 244.

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The Analects (II)

Confucius, and D. C. Lau. The Analects (Lun Yü). Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979. Print.

(Book I – Book X)

Book I

1… “Is not gentlemanly not to take offense when others fail to appreciate your abilities?”

4. Tseng Tzu said, ‘Every day I examine myself on three counts. In what I have undertaken on another’s behalf, have I failed to do my best? In my dealings with my friends have I failed to be trustworthy in what I say? Have I passed on to others anything that I have not tried out myself?

8… ”Make it your guiding principle to do your best for others and to be trustworthy in what you say. Do not accept as friend anyone who is not as good as you.’

12 Yu Tzu said, ‘Of the things brought about by the rites, harmony is the most valuable. Of the ways of the Former Kings, this is the most beautiful, and is followed alike in matters great and small, yet this will not always work: to aim always at harmony without regulating it by the rites simply because one knows only about harmony will not, in fact, work.’

14. The Master said, ‘The gentleman seeks neither a full belly not a comfortable home. He is quick in action but cautious in speech. He goes to men possessed of the Way to be put right. Such a man can be described as eager to learn.’

Book II

4. The Master said, ‘At fifteen I set my heart on learning; at thirty I took my stand; at forty I came to be free from doubts; at fifty I understood the Decree of Heaven; at sixty my ear was atuned; at seventy I followed my heart’s desire without overstepping the line.’

6. Meng Wu Po asked about being filial. The Master said, ‘Give your father and mother no other cause for anxiety than illness.’

13. Tzu-kung asked about the gentleman. The Master said, ‘He puts his words into action before allowing his words to follow his action.’

14. The Master said, ‘The gentleman enters into associations by not cliques; the small man enters into cliques but not associations.’

17. The Master said, ‘Yu, shall I tell you what it is to know. To say you know when you know, and to say you do not when you do not, that is knowledge.’

20…. The Master said, ‘Rule over them with dignity and they will be reverent; treat them with kindness and they will do their best; raise the good and instruct those who are backward and they will be imbued with enthusiasm.’

21… The Master said, ‘The Book of History says, “Oh! Simply by being a good son and friendly to his brothers a man can exert an influence upon government.” In so doing a man is, in fact, taking part in government…”

Book IV

1. The Master said, ‘Of the neighbourhoods benevolence is the most beautiful. How can the man be considered wise who, when he has the choice, does not settle in benevolence?’

7. The Master said, ‘In his errors a man is true to type. Observe the errors and you will know the man.’

9. The Master said, ‘There is no point in seeking the views of a Gentleman who, though he sets his hear on the Way, is ashamed of poor food and poor clothes.’

12. The Master said, ‘If one is guided by profit in one’s actions, one will incur much ill will.’

14. The Master said, ‘Do not worry because you have no official position. Worry about your qualifications. Do not worry because no one appreciates your abilities. Seek to be worthy of appreciation.’

15… Tseng Tzu sai, ‘The way of the Master consists in doing one’s best and in using oneself as a measure to gauge others. That is all.’

16. The Master said, ‘The gentleman understand what is moral. The small man understands what is profitable.’

17. The Master said, ‘When you meet someone better than yourself, turn your thoughts to becoming his equal. When you meet someone not as good as you are, look within and examine your own self.’

18. The Master said, ‘In serving your father and mother you ought to dissuade them from doing wrong in the gentlest way. If you see your advice being ignored, you should not become disobedient but remain reverent. You should not complain even if in so doing you wear yourself out.’

24. The Master said, ‘The gentleman desires to be halting in speech but quick in action.’

Book V

15. Tzu-kung asked, ‘Why was K’ung Wen Tzy called “wen”?’
The Master said, ‘He was quick and eager to learn: he was not ashamed to seek the advice of those who were beneath him in station. That is why he was called “wen”.

20. Chi Wen Tzu always thought three times before taking action. When the Master was told of this, he commented, ‘Twice is quite enough.’

21. The Master said, ‘Cunning words, an ingratiating face and utter servility, the things Tso-ch’iu Ming found shameful. I, too, find them shameful. To be friendly towards someone while concealing one’s hospitality, this Tso-ch’iu Ming found shameful. I, too, find it shameful.’

Book VI

11. The Master said, ‘How admirable Hui is! Living in a mean dwelling on a bowlful of rice and a ladleful of water is a hardship most men would find intolerable, but Hui does not allow this to affect his joy. How admirable Hui is!’

22… The Master said, ‘The benevolent man reaps the benefit only after overcoming difficulties. That can be called benevolence.’

Book VII

3. The Master said, ‘It is these things that cause me concern: failure to cultivate virtue, failure to go more deeply into what I have learned, inability, when I am told what is right, to move to where it is, and inability to reform myself when I have defects.’

6. The Master said, ‘I have set my heart on the Way, base myself on virtue, lean upon benevolence for support and take my recreation in the arts.’

11… The Master said, ‘I would not take with me anyone who would try to fight a tiger with his bare hands or to walk across the River and die in the process without regrets. If I took anyone it would have to be a man who, when faced with a task, was fearful of failure and who, while fond of making plans, was capable of successful execution.’

14. The Master heard the shao (the music of Shun) in Ch’i and for three months did not notice the taste of the meat he ate. He said, ‘I never dreamt that the joys of music could reach such heights.’

22. The Master said, ‘Even when walking in the company of two other men, I am bound to be able to learn from them. The good points of the one I copy; the bad points of the other I correct in myself.’

25. The Master instructs under four heads: culture, moral conduct, doing one’s best and being trustworthy in what one says.

31…the Master said, ‘I am a fortunate man. Whenever I make a mistake, other people are sure to notice it.’

36. The Master said, ‘Extravagance means ostentation, frugality means shabbiness. I would rather be shabby than ostentatious.’

37. The Master said, ‘The gentleman is easy of mind, while the small man is always full of anxiety.’

Book VIII

5. Tseng Tzu said, ‘To be able yet to ask the advice of those who are not able. To have many talents yet to ask the advice of those who have few. To have yet to appear to want. To be full yet to appear empty. To be transgressed against yet not to mind. It was towards this end that my friend used to direct his efforts.’

9. The Master said, ‘The common people can be made to follow a path but not to understand it.’

10. The Master said, ‘Being fond of courage while detesting poverty will lead men to unruly behaviour. Excessive detestation of men who are not benevolent will provoke them to unruly behaviour.’

11. The Master said, ‘Even with a man as gifted as the Duke of Chou, if he was arrogant and miserly, then the rest of his qualities would not be worthy of admiration.’

13. The Master said, ‘have the firm faith to devote yourself to learning, and abide to the death in the good way. Enter not a state that is in peril; stay not in a state that is in danger. Show yourself when the Way prevails in the Empire, but hide yourself when it does not. It is a shameful matter to be poor and humble when the Way prevails in the state. Equally, it is a shameful matter to be rich and noble when the Way falls into disuse in the state.’

Book IX

1. The occasions on which the Master talked about profit, Destiny and benevolence were rare.

4. There were four things the Master refused to have anything to do with: he refused to entertain conjectures or insist on certainty; he refused to be inflexible or to be egotistical.

29. The Master said, ‘The man of wisdom is never in two minds; the man of benevolence never worries; the man of courage is never afraid.’

Book X

1. In the local community, Confucius was submissive and seemed to be inarticulate. In the ancestral temple and at court, though fluent, he did not speak lightly.

2. At court, when speaking with Counsellors of lower rank he was affable; when speaking with Counsellors of upper rang, he was frank though respectful In the presence of his lord, his bearing, though respectful, was composed.

7… In periods of purification, he invariably changed to a more austere diet and, when at home, did not sit in his usual place.

8… He did not eat food that was not properly prepared nor did he eat except at the proper times… Even when there was plenty of meat, he avoided eating more meat than rice.
Only in the case of wine did he not set himself a rigid limit. He simply never drank to the point of becoming confused.

10.  He did not converse at meals; nor did he talk in bed.

17. The stables caught fire. The Master, on returning from court, asked, ‘Was anyone hurt?’ He did not ask about the horses.

25… When he met someone wearing a ceremonial cap or someone blind, even though they were well-known to him, he invariably showed them respect.

The Analects (I)

Confucius, and D. C. Lau. The Analects (Lun Yü). Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979. Print.

Introduction

“Philosophers who are interested in morals can generally be divided into two kinds, those who are interested in moral character and those who are interested in moral acts.” 10

“Benevolence (jen) is the most important moral quality a man can posses.” 14

“in dealings with others one should be chung (XIII.19)… chung means ‘doing one’s best'”. 16

“tsung fa… Under this system, succession passes to the eldest son by the principal wife. Younger sons or sons by concubines become founders of their own noble houses.” 18.

“If being a good son makes a good subject, being a good father will also make a good ruler.” 18

“Geographically, one loves members of one’s family more than one’s neighbours, one’s neighbours more than one’s fellow villagers, and so on. Socially, one loves members of one’s own social class more than those of another class.” 18

“the observance of of the three-year mourning period is, in some sense a repayment of the love received from one’s parents in the first years of one’s life.” 19.

“the practice of benevolence depends on oneself aline, and not on others.’ )XII.I._” 19.

“Of all the things that are likely to distort a man’s moral judgment and deflect him from his moral purpose, self-interest is the strongest, the most persistent and the most insidious… at the sight of profit one should think of what is right (XVI.12, XVI.10 and XIX.1).” 20

“But although Confucius emphasized the difficulty of practising benevolence, he also made it abundantly clear that whether we succeed or not depends solely on ourselves.” 21

‘The man of wisdom is never in two minds’ the man of benevolence never worries; the man of courage is never afraid’ (IX.29). 22

“Another attribute of the wise man is that he has knowledge of men…. he is a good judge of character. In the Chinese view, the most important fact contributing to the difficulty of predicting the future lies in the unpredictable nature of man.” 22

“‘Those who are born with knowledge are the highest. Next come those who attain knowledge through study. Next again come those who turn to study after having been vexed by difficulty. The common people, in so far as they make no effort tot study even after having been vexed by difficulty, are the lowest’ (XVi.9), but he made no claim to be amongst those born with knowledge.” 23

“To say you know when you know, and to say you do not when you do not, that is knowledge’ (II.17).” 23

“neither great goodness nor great wickedness can be accomplished by men devoid of courage.” 24

“To be hsin in word applies to all one’s words. It concerns, besides promises, resolutions concerning future conduct, or even plain statements of facts. Not to carry out a resolution is to fail to be hsin; to have made a statement not borne out by facts- whether they be present or future facts – is equally to fail to be hsin.” 25.

“The safest course to take is never to make any claims until the deed is done. Thus, the gentleman ‘puts his words into action before allowing his words to follow his action’ (II.13). Confucius’ general advise is that one should be quick to act but slow to speak (I.14, IV.24).” 25.

“There are bound to be cases where an inflexible adherence to the principle of trustworthiness in word will lead to action that is not moral. Confucius describes ‘a man who insists on keeping his word and seeing his actions through to the end’ as showing ‘a stubborn petty-mindedness’ (XIII.20).” 25

“A man should be respectful in his intercourse with others because by so doing he can hope to be spared insults and humiliations.” 26.

“As a character of moral agents, benevolence has more to do with disposition and motive than objective circumstances.” 27

“Heaven cares profoundly about the welfare of the common people and the Emperor is set up expressly to promote that welfare.” 28.

“Confucius said, ‘At fifty, I understood (chih) t’ien ming’ (II.4).” 28

“If a man is convinced that all the desirable things in life are due to Destiny, he is more likely to see the futility of pursuing them and instead bend his efforts to the pursuit of morality. Morality is the only object a man ought to pursue because being moral lies in making just such an effort and not in the successful outcome of one’s action.” 29

“Study and the holding of office are the twin activities inseparable from the concept of the gentleman.” p. 31.

“‘It is shameful,” he said, ‘to make salary your sole object, irrespective of whether the Way prevails in the state or not’ (XIV.I).” 31.

“When the way prevails in the state, speak and act with perilous high-mindness; when the Way does not prevail, act with perilous high-mindness but speak with self-effacing diffidence’ (XIV.3.)” 32.

“not only is it ‘a shameful matter to be rich and noble when the Way falls into disuse in the state’, it is equally ‘a shameful matter to be poor and humble when the Way prevails in the state’ (VIII.13).” p. 32.

“The ultimate purpose of government is the welfare of the common people (min). This is the most basic principle in Confucianism and has remained unchanged throughout the ages.” p. 32.

“The promotion of the welfare of the common people begins with satisfying their material needs.” p. 32.

“‘Guide them by edicts, keep them in line with punishments, and the common people will stay out of trouble but will have no sense of shame.'” (Xii.7) p. 33.

“if the ruler fails to be correct himself but insists on punishing his subjects for being incorrect, he will be setting himself above the law and the common people will be conscious of the injustice.” p. 34.

“‘In administering your government, what need is there for you to kill? Just desire the good yourself and the common people will be good. The virtue of the gentleman is like wind; the virtue of the small man is like grass. Let the wind blow over the grass and it is sure to bend.’ (XII.19) p.34-35.

“The Taoist ruler genuinely does nothing because the Empire functions best when left alone. The Confucian ruler only appears to do nothing because the moral influence he exerts works imperceptibly.” p.35.

“The sole test of a good ruler is whether he succeeds in promoting thte welfare of the common people.” p. 37.

“‘When there is a preponderance of native substance over acquired refinement, the result will be churlishness. When there is a preponderance of acquired refinement over native substance, the result will be pedantry. Only a well-balanced admixture of these two will result in gentlemanliness’ (VI.18).” p. 38

“A man may have a strong urge to show respect towards another man in a given society, but unless he knows the code of behaviour by which this respect is given expression, he will either fail completely to express it or, at most, succeed only in expressing it in a manner not altogether acceptable in that society.” p. 38-39.

“For Confucius perfect goodness was more important than perfect beauty. Whether a piece of music is acceptable or not depends on its moral quality.” p. 40.

“In criticizing the ruler and his government, one should also resort to quotations from the Odes… ‘The one who speaks gives no offense, while the one who hears can take warning’.” (Shih ching chu shu, I.IIb) p. 42.

“‘Tzu-hsia said, ‘I have heard it said: life and death are a matter of Destiny; wealth and honour depend on Heaven.’ (XII.5)” p. 45.

“‘The Master said, ‘use your ears (wen) widely but leave out what is doubtful; repeat the rest with caution and you will make few mistakes. Use your eyes (chien) widely and leave out what is hazardous; put the rest into practice with caution and you will have few regrets.’ (II.18) p. 46.

“‘If one learns from others but does not think, one will be bewildered. If, on the other hand, one thinks but does not learn from others, one will be in peril’ (II.15)” p. 47.

“If one’s aim is to make advances in knowledge, both thinking and learning are equally necessary, but in cases where one has no such aim, through learning one can at least gain something by acquainting oneself with what is already known, but one is unlikely to make any gains at all if one thinks in vacuo.” p. 47

“‘With the rites, it is better to err on the side of frugality than on the side of extravagance’ (III.4). All things being equal, it is better to be frugal.” p. 48.

“one has to be constantly on the alert to the possibility that a rule may need rethinking at any moment and on any occasion.” p. 50.

“while a rule can remain right only if it is constantly measured against the demands of principles, a principle cannot do without rules if it is to be put into effect. This dialogue between rule and principle constitutes the essence of Confucius’ moral thinking.” p. 50.

“All moral rules have implicit in them some principle or principles. A rule can thus always be judge by its success in realizing these principles. In other words, moral rules have built-in standards by which they can be judge.” p. 50

“Confucius would not tolerate any student who, because he failed to think, was unable to discover new applications for known principles. He said, ‘When I have pointed out one corner of a square to anyone and he does not come back with the other three, I will not point it out to him a second time.'” p. 51.

“‘I have never enlighten anyone who has not been driven to distraction by trying to understand a difficulty or has not got into a frenzy trying to put his ideas into words’ (VII.8).” p. 51.

“…Confucius could hold out no hope of reward either in this life or in the next. The reward lies in the doing of what is good, and this constitutes the joy of following the Way.” p. 52

“He has great respect for the wisdom of the past but he did not accept it uncritically. For him the only way of making progress is to reflect on what has been handed down to use from the past.” p. 52.

“He was anything but dogmatic” p. 52.

“It cannot be denied that, over the centuries, Confucianism acquired a lot of dogmas and developed authoritarian tendencies, but it would be as grossly unfair to lay these at Confucius’ door as to blame Jesus for the excesses of the Church in later ages.” p. 52.

“‘In a hamlet of ten households, there bound to be those who are my equal in doing their best for others and in being trustworthy in what they say, but they are unlikely to be as eager to learn as I am’ (V.28)” p. 53.

“‘In the eating of coarse rice and the drinking of water, the using of one’s elbow for a pillow, joy is to be found. Wealth and rank attained through immoral means have as much to do with me as passing clouds. (VII.16)” p. 54.

Jaseongdae | 자성대 | 子城臺

Headed over to Busanjin to explore the 400-year-old remains of a Japanese castle.
underpass-DSC_4615Found lots of walkers.
path-DSC_4636stairs-DSC_4632Found a couple of shrines.little-buddha-DSC_4647shrine-DSC_4639  shrine-DSC_4652Got off the main path and followed the trail around the hill.paths-DSC_4666Found Mōri Terumoto‘s fortress walls.  wall-close-up-DSC_4725wall-DSC_4661 wall-plants-DSC_4676 trees-wall-DSC_4680 wall-close-up-DSC_4700 wall-DSC_4702 wall-tree-DSC_4704Jinjiseong at the top of the hill in the Korean style of contruction.  Jinjiseong-DSC_4710 Jinjiseong-DSC_4712bridge-DSC_4719 wall-tree-DSC_4736 wall-DSC_4747 wall-DSC_4750 wall-close-up-DSC_4749 west-gate-DSC_4756West Gate reconstruction (1974) in Korean style.

See Japanese Castles in Korea 1592-98 post.

See Fortress Cats post.

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